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Comparing 2022 Technician class pool with 2018 Technician class pool
  • Removed questions: 64
  • New questions: 52
  • Updated questions: 134
  • Previous Total questions: 423
  • Total questions: 411
Subelement T1
COMMISSION’S RULES -FCC Rules, descriptions, and definitions for the Amateur Radio Service, operator and station license responsibilities
  • Removed questions: 5
  • New questions: 4
  • Updated questions: 27
  • Total questions: 67
Section T1A
Amateur Radio Service: purpose Purpose and permissible use of the Amateur Radio Service, operator; Operator/primary station license grant; Meanings of basic terms used in FCC rules; Interference; RACES rules; Phonetics; Frequency Coordinator
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 11
Which of the following is a purpose part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?Amateur Radio Service as stated in the FCC rules and regulations?
  • Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible
  • Providing communications for international non-profit organizations
  • Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?
  • FEMA
  • Homeland Security
  • The FCC
  • All of All these choices are correct
What aredo the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?
  • It is required when transmitting emergency messages
  • It is encouragedprohibited
  • It is required when in contact with foreign stations
  • All these choices are correctIt is encouraged
How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person?
  • One
  • No more than two
  • One for each band on which the person plans to operate
  • One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate
What is proof of possession of an FCC-issued proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?
  • A printed copy of the certificate of successful completion of examinationoperator/primary station license issued by the FCC must be displayed at the transmitter site
  • The control operator must have an operator/primary stationAn email notification from the NCVEC granting the license in his or her possession when in control of a transmitter
  • The control operator's operator/primary station The license must appear appears in the FCC ULS consolidated licensee database
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a "beacon?"?
  • A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges
  • A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency
  • A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather ServiceAn amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities
  • An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activitiesA continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a "space station?"?
  • Any satellite orbiting Earththe earth
  • A manned satellite orbiting Earththe earth
  • An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface
  • An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals
Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?
  • Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC
  • Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs
  • FCC Regional Field Office
  • International TelecommunicationsTelecommunication Union
Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?
  • The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy
  • The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators
  • Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations
  • FCC Regional Field Office
Which ofWhat is the following describes the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)?
  • A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications
  • A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications
  • An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization
  • All of All these choices are correct
When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted?
  • To stop another amateur station whichthat is breaking the FCC rules
  • At no time
  • When making short test transmissions
  • At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference
Section T1B
Authorized frequencies: frequency Frequency allocations; ITU; emission Emission modes; restricted sub-bands; spectrum Spectrum sharing; transmissionsTransmissions near band edges; contactingContacting the International Space Station; powerPower output
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 6
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What is the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)?
  • An agency of the United States Department of Telecommunications Management
  • A United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues
  • An independent frequency coordination agency
  • A department of the FCC
REMOVED
Which of the following HF bands have frequencies available to the Technician class operator for RTTY and data transmissions?
  • 10 meter, 12 meter, 17 meter, and 40 meter bands
  • 10 meter, 15 meter, 40 meter, and 80 meter bands
  • 30 meter band only
  • 10 meter band only
- NEW -
Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?
  • 28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz
  • 28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz
  • 28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz
  • 28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz
Which amateur radio stations may make amateurs may contact with an amateur radio station on the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?using 2 meter and 70 cm band frequencies?
  • Any amateur holding a General class or higher licenseOnly members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities
  • Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher-class license
  • Any amateur holding a General class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASAOnly the astronaut's family members who are hams
  • Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASAContacts with the ISS are not permitted on amateur radio frequencies
Which frequency is withinin the 6 meter amateur band?
  • 49.00 MHz
  • 52.525 MHz
  • 28.50 MHz
  • 222.15 MHz
Which amateur band are you using when your station is transmitting on includes 146.52 MHz?
  • 2 meter band6 meters
  • 20 meter band20 meters
  • 14 meter band70 centimeters
  • 6 meter band2 meters
How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band?What is the limitation for emissions on the frequencies between 219 and 220 MHz?
  • Spread spectrum only
  • Fast-scan television onlyFixed digital message forwarding systems only
  • Emergency traffic only
  • Fixed digital message forwarding systems onlyFast-scan television only
On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?
  • None
  • 10 meter band only
  • 80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter, and 10 meter bands
  • 30 meter band only
Which of the following VHF/UHF frequency rangesband segments are limited to CW only?
  • 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz
  • 219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz
  • 902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHzMHZ
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following is a result of the fact that How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary? in all or portions of some amateur bands (such as portions of the 70 cm band)?
  • U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those portionssegments, and must avoid interfering with them
  • U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segmentsportions
  • International communications are not permitted in those segmentsportions
  • Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segmentsportions
Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?
  • To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display
  • So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge
  • To allow for transmitter frequency drift
  • All of All these choices are correct
was T2B13
Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?
  • Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees
  • Only on repeaters
  • In at least some portionsegment of all these bands
  • On any band as long as if the power is limited to 25 watts
What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators usingin their HF band segments?assigned portions of the HF bands?
  • 200 watts
  • 100 watts
  • 50 watts
  • 10 watts
Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?
  • 50 watts
  • 100 watts
  • 500 watts
  • 1500 watts
Section T1C
Operator licensing: operator Licensing: classes;, sequential and vanity call sign systems; international communications; reciprocal operation; , places where the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC;, name and address on FCC license database; license term;, term, renewal;, grace period, maintaining mailing address; International communications
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 2
  • Updated questions: 5
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
When are you allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country?
  • When the foreign country authorizes it
  • When there is a mutual agreement allowing third party communications
  • When authorization permits amateur communications in a foreign language
  • When you are communicating with non-licensed individuals in another country
REMOVED
What may result when correspondence from the FCC is returned as undeliverable because the grantee failed to provide and maintain a correct mailing address with the FCC?
  • Fine or imprisonment
  • Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license
  • Require the licensee to be re-examined
  • A reduction of one rank in operator class
For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC?
  • Novice, Technician, General, Amateur ExtraAdvanced
  • Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur ExtraAdvanced
  • Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced
  • Technician, General, Amateur Extra
Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?
  • Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra classClass license
  • Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra classClass license
  • Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years
  • Any licensed amateur
What types of international communications isare an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make?
  • Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character
  • Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature
  • Only communications incidental to contest exchanges,; all other communications are prohibited
  • Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station
- NEW -
What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?
  • Fine and suspension of operator license
  • Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license
  • Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system
  • Nothing; there is no such requirement
Which of the following is a valid call sign for a Technician class call sign format?amateur radio station?
  • K1XXXKF1XXX
  • KA1X
  • W1XX
  • All of All these choices are correct
From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit?
  • From within any country that belongs to the International TelecommunicationsTelecommunication Union
  • From within any country that is a member of the United Nations
  • From anywhere within International TelecommunicationsTelecommunication Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3
  • From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States
- NEW -
Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license?
  • Failure to inform the FCC of any changes in the amateur station following performance of an RF safety environmental evaluation
  • Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC
  • Failure to obtain FCC type acceptance prior to using a home-built transmitter
  • Failure to have a copy of your license available at your station
What is the normal term for an FCC-issued primary station/operator amateur radio license? grant?
  • Five years
  • Life
  • Ten years
  • Twenty yearsEight years
What is the grace period following the expiration of for renewal if an amateur license expires?within which the license may be renewed?
  • Two years
  • Three years
  • Five years
  • Ten years
How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?operate a transmitter on an Amateur Radio Service frequency?
  • ImmediatelyImmediately on receiving your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE)
  • As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website30 days after the test date
  • As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC'’s license database
  • You must wait until As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC
If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?operate a transmitter on Amateur Radio Service frequencies?
  • Yes, for up to two yearsNo, transmitting is not allowed until the FCC license database shows that the license has been renewed
  • Yes, but only ifas soon as you apply for renewalidentify using the suffix GP
  • Yes, for up to one yearbut only during authorized nets
  • No, you must wait until the license has been renewedYes, for up to two years
Section T1D
Authorized and prohibited transmissiontransmissions: communications with other countries;, music;, exchange of information with other services;, indecent language;, compensation for use of station; operating, retransmission of other amateur signals; codes and ciphers; , encryption, sale of equipment;, unidentified transmissions;, one-way transmission
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
Under which of the following circumstances may an amateur radio station make one-way transmissions?
  • Under no circumstances
  • When transmitting code practice, information bulletins, or transmissions necessary to provide emergency communications
  • At any time, as long as no music is transmitted
  • At any time, as long as the material being transmitted did not originate from a commercial broadcast station
With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?
  • Any country whose administration has notified the International TelecommunicationsTelecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications
  • Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications
  • Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)engaged in hostilities with another country
  • Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)in violation of the War Powers Act of 1934
- NEW -
Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?
  • In all circumstances
  • Broadcasting
  • International Morse Code Practice
  • Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry
When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to hideobscure their meaning?
  • Only during contests
  • Only when transmitting certain approved digital codesoperating mobile
  • Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft
  • Only when frequencies above 1280 MHz are usedNever
Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?
  • When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications
  • When the music produces no spurious emissions
  • When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hourthe purpose is to interfere with an illegal transmission
  • When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz
When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?
  • When the equipment is normally used in an amateur station and such activity is not conducted on a regular basisNever
  • When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relativesasking price is $100.00 or less
  • When no profit is made on the salethe asking price is less than its appraised value
  • When the selling amateur radio equipment isand not on a regular basisthe personal property of either the station licensee or the control operator or their close relatives
What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?
  • The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies
  • Any such language is prohibited
  • The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies
  • There is no such prohibition
What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations?
  • Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations
  • Repeater, auxiliaryEarth, repeater, or space stations
  • Beacon, repeater, or space stations
  • Earth, repeaterRepeater, auxiliary, or space stations
In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?
  • When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator's employer
  • When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution
  • When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station
  • All of All these choices are correct
Under which of the following circumstances are When may amateur stations authorized to transmit signals related to transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?
  • Only where When such communications are directly relaterelated to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property
  • Only when When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle
  • Only where Where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network
  • Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the internetNever
What isHow does the meaning of the term “FCC define broadcasting” in the FCC rules for the Amateur Radio Service?
  • Two-way transmissions by amateur stations
  • Any transmission made by the licensed stationTransmission of music
  • Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators
  • Transmissions intended for reception by the general public
When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?on-the-air identification?
  • When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments
  • When the transmissions are unmodulated
  • When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt
  • When transmitting signals to control model craft
Section T1E
Control operator and control types: control operator required; : eligibility; designation of control operator; privileges and duties; control, designating, privileges, duties, location, required; Control point; local, Control types: automatic and , remote control; location of control operator
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 11
When ismay an amateur station permitted to transmit without a control operator?
  • When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater
  • When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station
  • When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station
  • Never
Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?
  • Only an Amateur Extra Class operator
  • A General class or higher licensee who has with a satellite operator certification
  • Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member
  • Any amateur whose license privileges allow them allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency
Who must designate the station control operator?
  • The station licensee
  • The FCC
  • The frequency coordinator
  • The ITUAny licensed operator
What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?
  • The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator
  • The frequencies printed on the license grant
  • The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises
  • The class of operator license held by the control operator
What is an amateur station’s control point?
  • The location of the station'’s transmitting antenna
  • The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus
  • The location at which the control operator function is performed
  • The mailing address of the station licensee
When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an exclusive Amateur Extra class operatorClass band segment? of the amateur bands?
  • At no time
  • When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licenseeoperating a special event station
  • As part of a multi-operator contest team
  • When using a club station whose trustee isholds an Amateur Extra Class licenseclass operator licensee
When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?
  • All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation
  • Only the station licensee
  • Only the control operator
  • The control operator and the station licensee are equally responsible
Which of the following is an example of automatic control?
  • Repeater operation
  • Controlling thea station over the internet
  • Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically
  • Using a computer or other device to identify automatically
Which of the following is true ofare required for remote control operation?
  • The control operator must be at the control point
  • A control operator is required at all times
  • The control operator must indirectly manipulatesmanipulate the controls
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?
  • Repeater operation
  • Operating the station over the internet
  • Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio
  • All of All these choices are correct
Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?
  • The station custodian
  • The third- party participant
  • The person operating the station equipment
  • The station licensee
Section T1F
Station identification; repeaters; third-Repeaters; Third party communications; clubClub stations; FCC inspection
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 7
  • Total questions: 11
When must the station licensee make the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?
  • At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection
  • At any time upon request by an FCC representative
  • Only At any time after written notification by the FCC of such inspectionfailing to comply with an FCC notice of violation
  • Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent
How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?When using tactical identifiers such as “Race Headquarters” during a community service net operation, how often must your station transmit the station's FCC-assigned call sign?
  • Never, the tactical call is sufficient
  • Once during every hour
  • At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication
  • At the end of every transmission
When is an amateur station are you required to transmit itsyour assigned call sign?
  • At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter
  • At least once during each transmission
  • At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication
  • At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication
Which of the following is an acceptable language to What language may you use for station identification when operating in a phone sub-band?
  • Any language recognized by the United Nations
  • Any language recognized by the ITU
  • The English languageEnglish
  • English, French, or Spanish
What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?
  • Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT
  • Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission
  • Send the call sign followed by the indicator R
  • Send the call sign using only a phone emission
Which of the following formats of a self-assigned indicator isindicators are acceptable when identifying using a phone transmission?
  • KL7CC stroke W3
  • KL7CC slant W3
  • KL7CC slash W3
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a Technician class control licensed amateur operator?
  • The person must be a U.S. citizen
  • The foreign station must be one in a country with which the U.S. has a third- party agreement
  • The licensed control operator must do the station identification
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is the definition of third party communications?meant by the term "Third Party Communications"?
  • A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person
  • Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another
  • Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator
  • Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments
What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?
  • Beacon station
  • Earth station
  • Repeater station
  • Message forwarding station
Who is accountable shouldif a repeater inadvertently retransmitretransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?
  • The control operator of the originating station
  • The control operator of the repeater
  • The owner of the repeater
  • Both the originating station and the repeater owner
Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?
  • The trustee must have an Amateur Extra classClass operator license grant
  • The club must have at least four members
  • The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League
  • All of All these choices are correct
Subelement T2
OPERATING PROCEDURES -Operating Procedures
  • Removed questions: 6
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 8
  • Total questions: 36
Section T2A
Station operation: choosing an operating frequency;, calling another station;, test transmissions; procedural signs; use of minimum power; choosing an operating frequency; band Band plans;: calling frequencies;, repeater offsets
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 12
Which of the following What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band?
  • Plus or minus 5 MHzMhz
  • Plus or minus 600 kHz
  • Plus or minus 500 kHz
  • Plus or minus 1 MHzMhz
What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band?
  • 146.520 MHz
  • 145.000 MHz
  • 432.100 MHz
  • 446.000 MHz
What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band?
  • Plus or minus 5 MHzMhz
  • Plus or minus 600 kHz
  • Plus or minus 500 kHz
  • Plus or minus 1 MHzMhz
What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign?
  • Say "break, break," then say the station's call sign
  • Say the station's call sign, then identify with your call sign
  • Say "CQ" three times, then the other station's call sign
  • Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer it
How should you respond to a station calling CQ?
  • Transmit "CQ" followed by the other station'’s call sign
  • Transmit your call sign followed by the other station'’s call sign
  • Transmit the other station'’s call sign followed by your call sign
  • Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign
Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?
  • Identify the transmitting station
  • Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time
  • Notify the FCC of the transmissions
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is meant by "repeater offset”??"
  • The difference between a repeater'’s transmit frequency and its and receive frequenciesfrequency
  • The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference
  • The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency
  • The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater
What is the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”?
  • Call on the quarter hour
  • Test transmission, no reply expectedA new antenna is being tested (no station should answer)
  • Only the called station should transmit
  • Calling any station
What brief statement Which of the following indicates that you are a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?
  • The words “Hello test“CQ CQ” followed by your the repeater’s call sign
  • Your call signThe station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”
  • The repeater call sign followed by your the station’s call sign
  • The letters “QSY” followed by your call sign
What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC?
  • A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band
  • A mandated A list of operating schedules
  • A list of scheduledavailable net frequencies
  • A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage
What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency?
  • Full duplex
  • Diplex
  • Simplex
  • Multiplex
Which of the following is a guideline when choosing an operating frequency for What should you do before calling CQ?
  • Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency
  • Ask if the frequency is in use
  • Make sure you are authorized to use that frequencyin your assigned band
  • All of All these choices are correct
Section T2B
VHF/UHF operating practices: SSB phone; FM repeater;, simplex; , reverse splits and shifts;; Access tones: CTCSS;, DTMF; tone squelch; carrier squelch; phonetics; DMR operation; Resolving operational problem resolutionproblems; Q signals
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 2
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 13
REMOVED
If a station is not strong enough to keep a repeater's receiver squelch open, which of the following might allow you to receive the station's signal?
  • Open the squelch on your radio
  • Listen on the repeater input frequency
  • Listen on the repeater output frequency
  • Increase your transmit power
REMOVED
What type of tones are used to control repeaters linked by the Internet Relay Linking Project (IRLP) protocol?
  • DTMF
  • CTCSS
  • EchoLink
  • Sub-audible
What is the most common use of the How is a VHF/UHF transceiver’s “reverse split” function used?of a VHF/UHF transceiver?
  • Reduce To reduce power output
  • Increase To increase power output
  • Listen To listen on a repeater'’s input frequency
  • Listen To listen on a repeater'’s output frequency
What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver?
  • Carrier squelch
  • Tone burst
  • DTMF
  • CTCSS
was T2B14
Which of the following describes a linked repeater network?
  • A network of repeaters where in which signals received by one repeater are repeatedtransmitted by all the repeaters in the network
  • A A single repeater with more than one receiver
  • Multiple repeaters with the same control operatorowner
  • A system of repeaters linked by APRS
Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear?
  • Improper transceiver offset
  • The repeater may require a proper You are using the wrong CTCSS tone from your transceiver
  • You are using the wrong DCS codeThe repeater may require a proper DCS tone from your transceiver
  • All of All these choices are correct
What might be the problem if a repeater user says your transmissions are breaking up would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks?
  • Your repeater offset is invertedYou have the incorrect offset
  • You need to talk louder
  • You are talking too loudly
  • Your transmit power is too high
- NEW -
What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones?
  • DTMF
  • CTCSS
  • GPRS
  • D-STAR
How can you join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup”?'s “talk group”?
  • Register your radio with the local FCC office
  • Join the repeater owner'’s club
  • Program your radio with the group'’s ID or code
  • Sign your call after the courtesy tone
Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other?
  • Common courtesyThe stations should prevail, but no one has absolute right to an amateur negotiate continued use of the frequency
  • Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflictWhoever has the strongest signal has priority on the frequency
  • Interference is inevitable, so no action is requiredWhoever has been on the frequency the longest has priority on the frequency
  • The station that has the weakest signal has priority on Use subaudible tones so both stations can share the frequency
was T2B12
Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans?
  • So that So stations within mutual communications range range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater
  • For contest operation
  • For working DX only
  • So that So stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset
Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations?
  • QRM
  • QRN
  • QTH
  • QSB
Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency?
  • QRU
  • QSY
  • QSL
  • QRZ
- NEW -
What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems?
  • Must match the repeater color code for access
  • Defines the frequency pair to use
  • Identifies the codec used
  • Defines the minimum signal level required for access
was T4B03
What is the purpose of thea squelch function?control on a transceiver?
  • Reduce a CW transmitter's key clicksTo set the highest level of volume desired
  • Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not presentTo set the transmitter power level
  • Eliminate parasitic oscillations in an RF amplifierTo adjust the automatic gain control
  • To mute receiver outputReduce interference from impulse noise when no signal is being received
Section T2C
Public service: emergency and non-emergency operations;, applicability of FCC rules;, RACES and ARES;, net and traffic procedures;, operating restrictions during emergencies, use of phonetics in message handling
  • Removed questions: 4
  • New questions: 3
  • Updated questions: 2
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
What is meant by the term "NCS" used in net operation?
  • Nominal Control System
  • Net Control Station
  • National Communications Standard
  • Normal Communications Syntax
REMOVED
What do RACES and ARES have in common?
  • They represent the two largest ham clubs in the United States
  • Both organizations broadcast road and weather information
  • Neither may handle emergency traffic supporting public service agencies
  • Both organizations may provide communications during emergencies
REMOVED
Which of the following is an accepted practice to get the immediate attention of a net control station when reporting an emergency?
  • Repeat "SOS" three times followed by the call sign of the reporting station
  • Press the push-to-talk button three times
  • Begin your transmission by saying "Priority" or "Emergency" followed by your call sign
  • Play a pre-recorded emergency alert tone followed by your call sign
REMOVED
Which of the following is an accepted practice for an amateur operator who has checked into a net?
  • Provided that the frequency is quiet, announce the station call sign and location every 5 minutes
  • Move 5 kHz away from the net's frequency and use high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the net frequency
  • Remain on frequency without transmitting until asked to do so by the net control station
  • All of these choices are correct
When do the FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?
  • When operating a RACES station
  • When operating under special FEMA rules
  • When operating under special ARES rules
  • Never, FCC rules always apply
- NEW -
Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station?
  • Choose the regular net meeting time and frequency
  • Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency
  • Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in
  • All these choices are correct
What should be done when using voice modes technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?
  • Send the words by voice and Morse code
  • Speak very loudly into the microphone
  • Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
What is RACES?
  • An emergency organization combining amateur radio and citizens band operators and frequencies
  • An international radio experimentation society
  • A radio contest held in a short period, sometimes called a “sprint”
  • An FCC part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies
What does the term “traffic” refer to in net operation?
  • Formal messages Messages exchanged by net stations
  • The number of stations checking in and out of a net
  • Operation by mobile or portable stations
  • Requests to activate the net by a served agency
was T2C12
What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)?
  • Licensed A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service
  • Licensed A group of licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency
  • A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies
  • A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
- NEW -
Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net?
  • When first responding to the net control station, transmit your call sign, name, and address as in the FCC database
  • Record the time of each of your transmissions
  • Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station
  • All these choices are correct
Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling?
  • Passing messages exactly as received
  • Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery
  • Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media
  • All of All these choices are correct
Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class?
  • No
  • Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan
  • Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan
  • Yes, but only if necessary in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property
What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message?
  • The email address of the originating station
  • The address of the intended recipient
  • The telephone number of the addressee
  • The information Information needed to track the message
What is meant by the term “check” in a radiogram header?,” in reference to a formal traffic message?
  • The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message
  • The call sign of the originating stationThe value of a money order attached to the message
  • A list of stations that have relayed the message
  • A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed
Subelement T3
RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION -Radio wave characteristics: properties of radio waves; propagation modes
  • Removed questions: 6
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 22
  • Total questions: 34
Section T3A
Radio wave characteristics: how a radio signal travels;, fading;, multipath;, polarization;, wavelength vs absorption; antennaAntenna orientation
  • Removed questions: 4
  • New questions: 3
  • Updated questions: 8
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What should you do if another operator reports that your station's 2 meter signals were strong just a moment ago, but now they are weak or distorted?
  • Change the batteries in your radio to a different type
  • Turn on the CTCSS tone
  • Ask the other operator to adjust his squelch control
  • Try moving a few feet or changing the direction of your antenna if possible, as reflections may be causing multi-path distortion
REMOVED
Why might the range of VHF and UHF signals be greater in the winter?
  • Less ionospheric absorption
  • Less absorption by vegetation
  • Less solar activity
  • Less tropospheric absorption
REMOVED
What term is commonly used to describe the rapid fluttering sound sometimes heard from mobile stations that are moving while transmitting?
  • Flip-flopping
  • Picket fencing
  • Frequency shifting
  • Pulsing
REMOVED
What type of wave carries radio signals between transmitting and receiving stations?
  • Electromagnetic
  • Electrostatic
  • Surface acoustic
  • Ferromagnetic
- NEW -
Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?
  • The signal path encounters different concentrations of water vapor
  • VHF ionospheric propagation is very sensitive to path length
  • Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals
  • All these choices are correct
- NEW -
What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals?
  • Knife-edge diffraction
  • Absorption
  • Amplification
  • Polarization rotation
What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance weak-signal CW and SSB contacts usingon the VHF and UHF bands?
  • Right-hand circular
  • Left-hand circular
  • Horizontal
  • Vertical
What can happen if the happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization?
  • The modulation sidebands might become inverted
  • Received signal strength is reducedSignals could be significantly weaker
  • Signals have an echo effect on voices
  • Nothing significant will happen
When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to access communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?
  • Change from vertical to horizontal polarization
  • Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater
  • Try the long path
  • Increase the antenna SWR
- NEW -
What is the meaning of the term “picket fencing”?
  • Alternating transmissions during a net operation
  • Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation
  • A type of ground system used with vertical antennas
  • Local vs long-distance communications
was T3A13
What weather condition wouldmight decrease range at microwave frequencies?
  • High winds
  • Low barometric pressure
  • Precipitation
  • Colder temperatures
Which of the following What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?received by ionospheric reflection?
  • Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation
  • Interference from thunderstorms
  • Intermodulation distortionRandom combining of signals arriving via different paths
  • Random combining of signals arriving via different pathsIntermodulation distortion
Which of the following results from the fact that skip signals refracted frompropagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized?
  • Digital modes are unusable
  • Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception
  • FM voice is unusable
  • Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization
What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?may occur if data signals arrive via multiple paths?
  • Transmission rates canmust be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed
  • Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed
  • No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM
  • Error rates are likely to increase
Which partregion of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves?enables the propagation of radio signals around the world?
  • The stratosphere
  • The troposphere
  • The ionosphere
  • The magnetosphereThe mesosphere
How might What is the effect of fog and light rain affect radio range onon signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands?
  • Fog and rain absorb these wavelength bandsAbsorption
  • Fog and light rain will have There is little effect on these bands
  • Fog and rain will deflect these signalsDeflection
  • Fog and rain will increase radio rangeRange increase
Section T3B
Radio and electromagnetic Electromagnetic wave properties: the electromagnetic spectrum; wavelength vs frequency;, nature and velocity of electromagnetic waves; definition of , relationship of wavelength and frequency; Electromagnetic spectrum definitions: UHF, VHF, HF bands; calculating wavelength
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 7
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
What is the name for the distance a radio wave travels during one complete cycle?
  • Wave speed
  • Waveform
  • Wavelength
  • Wave spread
- NEW -
What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave?
  • They travel at different speeds
  • They are in parallel
  • They revolve in opposite directions
  • They are at right angles
What property of a radio wave is used to describe defines its polarization?
  • The orientation of the electric field
  • The orientation of the magnetic field
  • The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field
  • The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength
What are the two components of a radio wave?
  • AC and DCImpedance and reactance
  • Voltage and current
  • Electric and magnetic fields
  • Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
How fast does What is the velocity of a radio wave traveltraveling through free space?
  • At the speed of lightSpeed of light
  • At the speed of soundSpeed of sound
  • Its speed is Speed inversely proportional to its wavelength
  • Its speedSpeed that increases as the frequency increases
How doesWhat is the wavelength of a radio wave relate to its relationship between wavelength and frequency?
  • The wavelength Wavelength gets longer as the frequency increases
  • The wavelength Wavelength gets shorter as the frequency increases
  • Wavelength and frequency are unrelatedThere is no relationship between wavelength and frequency
  • Wavelength and frequency increase as path length increasesThe wavelength depends on the bandwidth of the signal
What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters?
  • Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300
  • Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300
  • Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300
  • Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz
What property of radio waves is often In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify the different frequency amateur radio bands?
  • The approximate wavelength in meters
  • Traditional letter/number designatorsThe magnetic intensity of waves
  • Channel numbersThe time it takes for waves to travel one mile
  • All these choices are correctThe voltage standing wave ratio of waves
What frequency range is referred to as VHF?are the frequency limits of the VHF spectrum?
  • 30 to 300 kHz30 kHz to 300 kHz
  • 30 to 300 MHz30 MHz to 300 MHz
  • 300 300 kHz to 3000 kHz
  • 300 300 MHz to 3000 MHz
What frequency range is referred to as UHF?are the frequency limits of the UHF spectrum?
  • 30 to 300 kHz
  • 30 to 300 MHz
  • 300 to 3000 kHz
  • 300 to 3000 MHz
What frequency range is referred to as HF?
  • 300 to 3000 MHz
  • 30 to 300 MHz
  • 3 to 30 MHz
  • 300 to 3000 kHz
What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave as it travels through in free space?
  • 150,000 kilometersmeters per second
  • 300,000,000 meters per second
  • 300,000,000 miles per hour
  • 150,000 miles per hour
Section T3C
Propagation modes: line of sight; sporadic E;, meteor andscatter, auroral scatter and reflections; propagation, tropospheric ducting; F layerregion skip; Line of sight and radio horizon
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 7
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
Why do VHF and UHF radio signals usually travel somewhat farther than the visual line of sight distance between two stations?
  • Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light
  • Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles
  • The Earth seems less curved to radio waves than to light
  • Radio waves are blocked by dust particles
Why are direct (not via a repeater) simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?from stations outside your local coverage area?
  • They are too weak to go very far
  • FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles
  • UHF signals are usually not reflectedpropagated by the ionosphere
  • UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D regionlayer
Which of the following is an advantageWhat is a characteristic of HF vs communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?
  • HF antennas are generally smaller
  • HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals
  • Long Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF
  • There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF
What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?reflection?
  • Signals from distances of They are often received from 10,000 miles or more miles are common
  • The signals exhibit rapid fluctuations of They are distorted and signal strength varies considerablyand often sound distorted
  • These types of signals They occur only during winter nighttime hours
  • These types of signals They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west
Which of the following types of propagation types is most commonly associated with occasional strong over-the-horizon signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon??
  • Backscatter
  • Sporadic E
  • D layerD region absorption
  • Gray-line propagation
Which of the following effects might causemay allow radio signals to be heard despite travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?
  • Knife-edge diffraction
  • Faraday rotation
  • Quantum tunneling
  • Doppler shift
What mode type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?
  • Tropospheric ducting
  • D layerD region refraction
  • F2 layerF2 region refraction
  • Faraday rotation
What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?
  • 10 meter band33 centimeters
  • 6 meter band6 meters
  • 2 meter band2 meters
  • 70 centimeter band70 centimeters
What causes tropospheric ducting?
  • Discharges of lightning during electrical storms
  • Sunspots and solar flares
  • Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes
  • Temperature inversions in the atmosphere
What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region?layer?
  • From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity
  • From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity
  • From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity
  • From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity
Which of the following bands may provide long -distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?
  • 6 and 10 meters6 or 10 meter bands
  • 23 centimeter band23 centimeters
  • 70 centimeter or70 centimeters and 1.25 metersmeter bands
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?
  • Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light
  • Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles
  • The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly
  • Radio waves are blocked by dust particles
Subelement T4
AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES -Amateur radio practices and station set-up
  • Removed questions: 12
  • New questions: 13
  • Updated questions: 9
  • Total questions: 24
Section T4A
Station setup: connecting microphones; reducing unwanted emissions; a microphone, a power source; connecting , a computer, digital equipment, an SWR meter; bonding; Mobile radio installation; RF grounding; connecting digital equipment; connecting an SWR meter
  • Removed questions: 7
  • New questions: 8
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What must be considered to determine the minimum current capacity needed for a transceiver's power supply?
  • Efficiency of the transmitter at full power output
  • Receiver and control circuit power
  • Power supply regulation and heat dissipation
  • All of these choices are correct
REMOVED
How might a computer be used as part of an amateur radio station?
  • For logging contacts and contact information
  • For sending and/or receiving CW
  • For generating and decoding digital signals
  • All of these choices are correct
REMOVED
Which computer sound card port is connected to a transceiver's headphone or speaker output for operating digital modes?
  • Headphone output
  • Mute
  • Microphone or line input
  • PCI or SDI
REMOVED
What is the proper location for an external SWR meter?
  • In series with the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna
  • In series with the station's ground
  • In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna
  • In series with the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio
REMOVED
How is a computer's sound card used when conducting digital communications?
  • The sound card communicates between the computer CPU and the video display
  • The sound card records the audio frequency for video display
  • The sound card provides audio to the radio's microphone input and converts received audio to digital form
  • All of these choices are correct
REMOVED
Which of the following conductors provides the lowest impedance to RF signals?
  • Round stranded wire
  • Round copper-clad steel wire
  • Twisted-pair cable
  • Flat strap
REMOVED
What is the source of a high-pitched whine that varies with engine speed in a mobile transceiver's receive audio?
  • The ignition system
  • The alternator
  • The electric fuel pump
  • Anti-lock braking system controllers
- NEW -
Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver?
  • 24.0 volts at 4 amperes
  • 13.8 volts at 4 amperes
  • 24.0 volts at 12 amperes
  • 13.8 volts at 12 amperes
- NEW -
Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter?
  • The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made
  • The distance that the meter will be located from the antenna
  • The types of modulation being used at the station
  • All these choices are correct
Why should wiring between the power source and radio be Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver’s DC power connection?wire and kept as short as possible?
  • To avoidTo minimize voltage drop when transmittingfalling below that needed for proper operation
  • To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna
  • To avoid RF interference
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?
  • To a computer running a terminal program and connected to a terminal node controller unit
  • To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software
  • To an FT8 conversion unit, a keyboard, and a computer monitor
  • To a computer connected to the FT8converter.com website
- NEW -
Where should an RF power meter be installed?
  • In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna
  • At the power supply output
  • In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna
  • In the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio
Which of the following connections might be What signals are used between a voice transceiver and a computer in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation?
  • Receive and transmit mode, status, and location
  • Antenna and RF power
  • Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keyingpush-to-talk (PTT)
  • NMEA GPS location and DC power
- NEW -
Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes?
  • Computer “line out” to transceiver push-to-talk
  • Computer “line in” to transceiver push-to-talk
  • Computer “line in” to transceiver speaker connector
  • Computer “line out” to transceiver speaker connector
- NEW -
Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?
  • Copper braid removed from coaxial cable
  • Steel wire
  • Twisted-pair cable
  • Flat copper strap
- NEW -
How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery?
  • Divide the watt-hour rating of the battery by the peak power consumption of the equipment
  • Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment
  • Multiply the watts per hour consumed by the equipment by the battery power rating
  • Multiply the square of the current rating of the battery by the input resistance of the equipment
- NEW -
What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot?
  • Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet
  • FT8 digital communications via AFSK
  • RTTY encoding and decoding without a computer
  • High-speed digital communications for meteor scatter
Where should the negative power return connection of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?'s power cable be connected?
  • At the battery or engine block12 volt battery chassis ground strap
  • At the antenna mount
  • To any metal part of the vehicle
  • Through the transceiver'’s mounting bracket
was T8D14
What is an electronic keyer?
  • A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive
  • A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit
  • A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code
  • An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio
Section T4B
Operating controls: frequency tuning;, use of filters;, squelch function, AGC, memory channels, noise blanker, microphone gain, receiver incremental tuning (RIT), bandwidth selection, digital transceiver configuration; AGC; transceiver operation; memory channels
  • Removed questions: 5
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 6
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
Which of the following would reduce ignition interference to a receiver?
  • Change frequency slightly
  • Decrease the squelch setting
  • Turn on the noise blanker
  • Use the RIT control
REMOVED
What does the term “RIT” mean?
  • Receiver Input Tone
  • Receiver Incremental Tuning
  • Rectifier Inverter Test
  • Remote Input Transmitter
REMOVED
Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth for minimizing noise and interference for CW reception?
  • 500 Hz
  • 1000 Hz
  • 2400 Hz
  • 5000 Hz
REMOVED
What is the function of automatic gain control, or AGC?
  • To keep received audio relatively constant
  • To protect an antenna from lightning
  • To eliminate RF on the station cabling
  • An asymmetric goniometer control used for antenna matching
REMOVED
Which of the following could be used to remove power line noise or ignition noise?
  • Squelch
  • Noise blanker
  • Notch filter
  • All of these choices are correct
What may happen if a transmitter is operated with the is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?set too high?
  • Frequency instabilityThe output power might be too high
  • Distorted transmitted audioThe output signal might become distorted
  • The frequency might varyIncreased SWR
  • All these choices are correctThe SWR might increase
Which of the following can be used to enter the a transceiver’s operating frequency? on a modern transceiver?
  • The keypad or VFO knob
  • The CTCSS or DTMF encoder
  • The Automatic Frequency Control
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard?
  • Set the squelch threshold so that receiver output audio is on all the time
  • Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold
  • Turn on the anti-squelch function
  • Enable squelch enhancement
What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver?
  • Enable the frequency offsetCTCSS tones
  • Store the frequency it in a memory channel
  • Disable the CTCSS tonesEnable the VOX
  • Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency
was T4B13
Which ofWhat does the following is a use for the scanning function of an FM transceiver do??
  • To check Checks incoming signal deviation
  • To prevent Prevents interference to nearby repeaters
  • To scan Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity
  • To check Checks for messages left on a digital bulletin board
Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low?
  • The AGC or limiter
  • The bandwidth selection
  • The tone squelch
  • The receiver The RIT or Clarifierclarifier
- NEW -
What does a DMR “code plug” contain?
  • Your call sign in CW for automatic identification
  • Access information for repeaters and talkgroups
  • The codec for digitizing audio
  • The DMR software version
What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver?
  • Permits monitoring several modes at once by selecting a separate filter for each mode
  • Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode
  • Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory
  • Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies
- NEW -
How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver?
  • By retrieving the frequencies from transceiver memory
  • By enabling the group’s CTCSS tone
  • By entering the group’s identification code
  • By activating automatic identification
was T4B09
Which of the following is an appropriate receive filter bandwidth for minimizing receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise and interference ratio for SSB reception?
  • 500 Hz
  • 1000 Hz
  • 2400 Hz
  • 5000 Hz
- NEW -
Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting?
  • Your call sign
  • Your output power
  • The codec type being used
  • All these choices are correct
- NEW -
What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal’s frequency?
  • Change in audio pitch
  • Sideband inversion
  • Generation of a heterodyne tone
  • Distortion of the signal’s audio
Subelement T5
ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES -Electrical principles: math for electronics; electronic principles; Ohm's Law
  • Removed questions: 10
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 20
  • Total questions: 52
Section T5A
Electrical principles, units, and terms: currentCurrent and voltage: terminology and voltage;units, conductors and insulators;, alternating and direct current; series and parallel circuits
  • Removed questions: 5
  • New questions: 4
  • Updated questions: 1
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What is the name for a current that flows only in one direction?
  • Alternating current
  • Direct current
  • Normal current
  • Smooth current
REMOVED
How much voltage does a mobile transceiver typically require?
  • About 12 volts
  • About 30 volts
  • About 120 volts
  • About 240 volts
REMOVED
Which of the following is a good electrical conductor?
  • Glass
  • Wood
  • Copper
  • Rubber
REMOVED
What is the name for a current that reverses direction on a regular basis?
  • Alternating current
  • Direct current
  • Circular current
  • Vertical current
REMOVED
What is the unit of electromotive force?
  • The volt
  • The watt
  • The ampere
  • The ohm
Electrical current is measured in which of the following units?
  • Volts
  • Watts
  • Ohms
  • Amperes
Electrical power is measured in which of the following units?
  • Volts
  • Watts
  • OhmsWatt-hours
  • Amperes
What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?
  • Voltage
  • Resistance
  • Capacitance
  • Current
- NEW -
What are the units of electrical resistance?
  • Siemens
  • Mhos
  • Ohms
  • Coulombs
What is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow?
  • Voltage
  • Ampere-hours
  • Capacitance
  • Inductance
was T5C05
What is the unit of frequency?
  • Hertz
  • Henry
  • Farad
  • Tesla
- NEW -
Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?
  • They have relatively high density
  • They have many free electrons
  • They have many free protons
  • All these choices are correct
Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?
  • Copper
  • Glass
  • Aluminum
  • Mercury
- NEW -
Which of the following describes alternating current?
  • Current that alternates between a positive direction and zero
  • Current that alternates between a negative direction and zero
  • Current that alternates between positive and negative directions
  • All these answers are correct
Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used?
  • Resistance
  • Current
  • Power
  • Voltage
- NEW -
What type of current flow is opposed by resistance?
  • Direct current
  • Alternating current
  • RF current
  • All these choices are correct
What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?
  • Pulse rate
  • Speed
  • Wavelength
  • Frequency
Section T5B
Math for electronics: conversion of electrical units;, decibels; the metric system
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 12
  • Total questions: 13
How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?
  • 15 milliamperes
  • 150 milliamperes
  • 1500 milliamperes
  • 15,000 milliamperes
What is another way to specify a radio signal frequency of Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz?
  • 1500 kHz
  • 1500 MHz
  • 15 GHz
  • 150 kHz
How many volts are Which is equal to one kilovolt?
  • One one-thousandth of a volt
  • One hundred volts
  • One thousand volts
  • One million volts
How many volts are Which is equal to one microvolt?
  • One one-millionth of a volt
  • One million volts
  • One thousand kilovolts
  • One one-thousandth of a volt
Which of the following is equal to 500 milliwatts?
  • 0.02 watts
  • 0.5 watts
  • 5 watts
  • 50 watts
Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes?If an ammeter calibrated in amperes is used to measure a 3000-milliampere current, what reading would it show?
  • 0.003 amperes
  • 0.3 amperes
  • 3 amperes3,000,000 amperes
  • 3,000,000 amperes3 amperes
If a frequency display calibrated in megahertz shows a reading of Which is equal to 3.525 MHz?, what would it show if it were calibrated in kilohertz?
  • 0.003525 kHz
  • 35.25 kHz
  • 3525 kHz
  • 3,525,000 kHz
How many microfarads are Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads?
  • 0.001 microfarads
  • 1 microfarad
  • 1000 microfarads
  • 1,000,000,000 microfarads
What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?
  • 2 dB
  • 3 dB
  • 5 dB
  • 10 dB
What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?
  • -1 dB
  • -3 dB
  • -6 dB
  • -9 dB
What is the amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?
  • 10 dB
  • 12 dB
  • 18 dB
  • 28 dB
Which of the following frequencies is equal to 28,40028400 kHz?
  • 28.400 MHz28.400 kHz
  • 2.800 MHz
  • 284.00 MHz
  • 28.400 kHz28.400 MHz
If a frequency display shows a reading of Which is equal to 2425 MHz?, what frequency is that in GHz?
  • 0.002425 GHz
  • 24.25 GHz
  • 2.425 GHz
  • 2425 GHz
Section T5C
Electronic principles: capacitance; Capacitance and inductance; current flow in circuits; alternating current; terminology and units; Radio frequency definition of RF; and units; Impedance definition of polarity; DCand units; Calculating power calculations; impedance
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 6
  • Total questions: 13
REMOVED
A radio wave is made up of what type of energy?
  • Pressure
  • Electromagnetic
  • Gravity
  • Thermal
What isdescribes the ability to store energy in an electric field? called?
  • Inductance
  • Resistance
  • Tolerance
  • Capacitance
What is the basic unit of capacitance?
  • The farad
  • The ohm
  • The volt
  • The henry
What isdescribes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field? called?
  • Admittance
  • Capacitance
  • Resistance
  • Inductance
What is the basic unit of inductance?
  • The coulomb
  • The farad
  • The henry
  • The ohm
was T5C13
What is athe unit of impedance?
  • VoltsThe volt
  • AmperesThe ampere
  • CoulombsThe coulomb
  • OhmsThe ohm
What does the abbreviation “RF” mean?refer to?
  • Radio frequency signals of all types
  • The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit
  • The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency
  • Reflective force in antenna transmission lines
was T5C14
What is the proper abbreviation for megahertz?
  • mHzMH
  • mhZmh
  • Mhz
  • MHz
What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?
  • Power (P) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I)P = I × E
  • Power (P) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I)P = E / I
  • Power (P) equals voltage (E) minus current (I)P = E - I
  • Power (P) equals voltage (E) plus current (I)P = I + E
How much power is being used in a circuit when the applied delivered by a voltage isof 13.8 volts DC and thea current isof 10 amperes?
  • 138 watts
  • 0.7 watts
  • 23.8 watts
  • 3.8 watts
How much power is being used in a circuit when the applied delivered by a voltage isof 12 volts DC and thea current isof 2.5 amperes?
  • 4.8 watts
  • 30 watts
  • 14.5 watts
  • 0.208 watts
How many amperes are flowing in a circuit when the appliedHow much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage isof 12 volts DC? and the load is 120 watts?
  • 0.1 amperes
  • 10 amperes
  • 12 amperes
  • 132 amperes
What is impedance?
  • A measure of the The opposition to AC current flow in a circuit
  • The inverse of resistance
  • The Q or Quality Factor of a component
  • The power handling capability of a component
- NEW -
What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?
  • KHZ
  • khz
  • khZ
  • kHz
Section T5D
Ohm'Ohm’s Law: formulas and usage; components in series ; Series and parallel circuits
  • Removed questions: 4
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 1
  • Total questions: 14
REMOVED
What happens to current at the junction of two components in series?
  • It divides equally between them
  • It is unchanged
  • It divides based on the on the value of the components
  • The current in the second component is zero
REMOVED
What happens to current at the junction of two components in parallel?
  • It divides between them dependent on the value of the components
  • It is the same in both components
  • Its value doubles
  • Its value is halved
REMOVED
What is the voltage across each of two components in series with a voltage source?
  • The same voltage as the source
  • Half the source voltage
  • It is determined by the type and value of the components
  • Twice the source voltage
REMOVED
What is the voltage across each of two components in parallel with a voltage source?
  • It is determined by the type and value of the components
  • Half the source voltage
  • Twice the source voltage
  • The same voltage as the source
What formula is used to calculate current in a circuit?
  • Current (I) equals voltage (E) multiplied by resistance (R)I = E × R
  • Current (I) equals voltage (E) divided by resistance (R)I = E / R
  • Current (I) equals voltage (E) added to resistance (R)I = E + R
  • Current (I) equals voltage (E) minus resistance (R)I = E - R
What formula is used to calculate voltage in a circuit?
  • Voltage (E) equals current (I) multiplied by resistance (R)E = I × R
  • Voltage (E) equals current (I) divided by resistance (R)E = I / R
  • Voltage (E) equals current (I) added to resistance (R)E = I + R
  • Voltage (E) equals current (I) minus resistance (R)E = I - R
What formula is used to calculate resistance in a circuit?
  • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) multiplied by current (I)R = E × I
  • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) divided by current (I)R = E / I
  • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) added to current (I)R = E + I
  • Resistance (R) equals voltage (E) minus current (I)R = E - I
What is the resistance of a circuit in which a current of 3 amperes flows through a resistor when connected to 90 volts?
  • 3 ohms
  • 30 ohms
  • 93 ohms
  • 270 ohms
What is the resistance inof a circuit for which the applied voltage is 12 volts and the current flow is 1.5 amperes?
  • 18 ohms
  • 0.125 ohms
  • 8 ohms
  • 13.5 ohms
What is the resistance of a circuit that draws 4 amperes from a 12-volt source?
  • 3 ohms
  • 16 ohms
  • 48 ohms
  • 8 ohms
What is the current in a circuit with an applied voltage of 120 volts and a resistance of 80 ohms?
  • 9600 amperes
  • 200 amperes
  • 0.667 amperes
  • 1.5 amperes
What is the current through a 100-ohm resistor connected across 200 volts?
  • 20,000 amperes
  • 0.5 amperes
  • 2 amperes
  • 100 amperes
What is the current through a 24-ohm resistor connected across 240 volts?
  • 24,000 amperes
  • 0.1 amperes
  • 10 amperes
  • 216 amperes
What is the voltage across a 2-ohm resistor if a current of 0.5 amperes flows through it?
  • 1 volt
  • 0.25 volts
  • 2.5 volts
  • 1.5 volts
What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 1 ampere flows through it?
  • 1 volt
  • 10 volts
  • 11 volts
  • 9 volts
What is the voltage across a 10-ohm resistor if a current of 2 amperes flows through it?
  • 8 volts
  • 0.2 volts
  • 12 volts
  • 20 volts
was T5A13
In which type of circuit is DC current the same through all components?
  • Series
  • Parallel
  • Resonant
  • Branch
was T5A14
In which type of circuit is voltage the same across all components?
  • Series
  • Parallel
  • Resonant
  • Branch
Subelement T6
ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS -Electrical components; circuit diagrams; component functions
  • Removed questions: 5
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 47
Section T6A
Electrical components: fixed Fixed and variable resistors; Capacitors; Inductors; Fuses; Switches; Batteriescapacitors and inductors; fuses; switches; batteries
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 0
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What electrical component is used to connect or disconnect electrical circuits?
  • Magnetron
  • Switch
  • Thermistor
  • All of these choices are correct
What electrical component opposes the flow of current in a DC circuit?
  • Inductor
  • Resistor
  • VoltmeterInverter
  • Transformer
What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control?
  • Fixed resistor
  • Power resistor
  • Potentiometer
  • Transformer
What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer?
  • Inductance
  • Resistance
  • Capacitance
  • Field strength
What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?
  • ResistorVaristor
  • Capacitor
  • Inductor
  • Diode
What type of electrical component consists of two or more conductive surfaces separated by an insulator?
  • Resistor
  • Potentiometer
  • Oscillator
  • Capacitor
What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field?
  • ResistorVaristor
  • Capacitor
  • Inductor
  • Diode
What electrical component usually is is typically constructed as a coil of wire?
  • Switch
  • Capacitor
  • Diode
  • Inductor
- NEW -
What is the function of an SPDT switch?
  • A single circuit is opened or closed
  • Two circuits are opened or closed
  • A single circuit is switched between one of two other circuits
  • Two circuits are each switched between one of two other circuits
What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads?
  • Fuse
  • CapacitorThyratron
  • InductorVaractor
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following battery typeschemistries is rechargeable?
  • Nickel-metal hydride
  • Lithium-ion
  • Lead-acid gel-cellLead-acid
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following battery typeschemistries is not rechargeable?
  • Nickel-cadmium
  • Carbon-zinc
  • Lead-acid
  • Lithium-ion
was T6D03
What type of switch is represented by component 3 in figure T-2?T2?
  • Single-pole single-throw
  • Single-pole double-throw
  • Double-pole single-throw
  • Double-pole double-throw
Section T6B
Semiconductors: basic principles and applications of solid state devices;, diodes and transistors
  • Removed questions: 3
  • New questions: 4
  • Updated questions: 2
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What class of electronic components uses a voltage or current signal to control current flow?
  • Capacitors
  • Inductors
  • Resistors
  • Transistors
REMOVED
Which of the following electronic components can amplify signals?
  • Transistor
  • Variable resistor
  • Electrolytic capacitor
  • Multi-cell battery
REMOVED
What does the abbreviation LED stand for?
  • Low Emission Diode
  • Light Emitting Diode
  • Liquid Emission Detector
  • Long Echo Delay
- NEW -
Which is true about forward voltage drop in a diode?
  • It is lower in some diode types than in others
  • It is proportional to peak inverse voltage
  • It indicates that the diode is defective
  • It has no impact on the voltage delivered to the load
What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction?
  • Resistor
  • Fuse
  • Diode
  • Driven element
Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch? or amplifier?
  • OscillatorVaristor
  • Potentiometer
  • Transistor
  • VoltmeterThermistor
Which of the following components can consist of three layersregions of semiconductor material?
  • Alternator
  • Transistor
  • Triode
  • Pentagrid converter
- NEW -
What type of transistor has a gate, drain, and source?
  • Varistor
  • Field-effect
  • Tesla-effect
  • Bipolar junction
How is the cathode lead of a semiconductor diode often marked on the package?
  • With the word "cathode"
  • With a stripe
  • With the letter C
  • With the letter K
- NEW -
What causes a light-emitting diode (LED) to emit light?
  • Forward current
  • Reverse current
  • Capacitively-coupled RF signal
  • Inductively-coupled RF signal
What does the abbreviation FET stand for?
  • Frequency Emission TransmitterField Effect Transistor
  • Fast Electron Transistor
  • Free Electron Transmitter
  • Field Effect TransistorFrequency Emission Transmitter
What are the names offor the two electrodes of a diode?
  • Plus and minus
  • Source and drain
  • Anode and cathode
  • Gate and base
Which of the following can provide power gain?could be the primary gain-producing component in an RF power amplifier?
  • Transformer
  • Transistor
  • Reactor
  • Resistor
What is the term that describes a device's ability to amplify a signal?
  • Gain
  • Forward resistance
  • Forward voltage drop
  • On resistance
- NEW -
What are the names of the electrodes of a bipolar junction transistor?
  • Signal, bias, power
  • Emitter, base, collector
  • Input, output, supply
  • Pole one, pole two, output
Section T6C
Circuit diagrams; schematic: use of schematics, basic structure; Schematic symbols of basic components
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 0
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What do the symbols on an electrical schematic represent?
  • Electrical components
  • Logic states
  • Digital codes
  • Traffic nodes
What is the name of an electrical wiring diagram that uses standard component symbols?
  • Bill of materials
  • Connector pinout
  • Schematic
  • Flow chart
What is component 1 in figure T-1?T1?
  • Resistor
  • Transistor
  • Battery
  • Connector
What is component 2 in figure T-1?T1?
  • Resistor
  • Transistor
  • Indicator lamp
  • Connector
What is component 3 in figure T-1?T1?
  • Resistor
  • Transistor
  • Lamp
  • Ground symbol
What is component 4 in figure T-1?T1?
  • Resistor
  • Transistor
  • BatteryGround symbol
  • Ground symbolBattery
What is component 6 in figure T-2?T2?
  • Resistor
  • Capacitor
  • Regulator IC
  • Transistor
What is component 8 in figure T-2?T2?
  • Resistor
  • Inductor
  • Regulator IC
  • Light emitting diode
What is component 9 in figure T-2?T2?
  • Variable capacitor
  • Variable inductor
  • Variable resistor
  • Variable transformer
What is component 4 in figure T-2?T2?
  • Variable inductor
  • Double-pole switch
  • Potentiometer
  • Transformer
What is component 3 in figure T-3?T3?
  • Connector
  • Meter
  • Variable capacitor
  • Variable inductor
What is component 4 in figure T-3?T3?
  • Antenna
  • Transmitter
  • Dummy load
  • Ground
was T6C13
Which of the following is accurately represented in electrical schematics?
  • Wire lengths
  • Physical appearance of components
  • Component connectionsThe way components are interconnected
  • All of All these choices are correct
Section T6D
Component functions: rectifiers, relays, voltage regulators, meters, indicators, integrated circuits, transformers; Resonant circuit; Shieldingrectification; switches; indicators; power supply components; resonant circuit; shielding; power transformers; integrated circuits
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 1
  • Total questions: 11
Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal?
  • Transformer
  • Rectifier
  • Amplifier
  • Reflector
What is a relay?
  • An electrically-controlled switch
  • A current controlled amplifier
  • An inverting amplifierAn optical sensor
  • A pass transistor
was T6D12
Which of the following is a common reason to use shielded wire?
  • To decrease the resistance of DC power connections
  • To increase the current carrying capability of the wire
  • To prevent coupling of unwanted signals to or from the wire
  • To couple the wire to other signals
Which of the following displays an electrical quantity as a numeric value?
  • Potentiometer
  • Transistor
  • Meter
  • Relay
What type of circuit controls the amount of voltage from a power supply?
  • Regulator
  • Oscillator
  • Filter
  • Phase inverter
What component is commonly used to change 120V AC house current changes 120 V AC power to a lower AC voltage for other uses?
  • Variable capacitor
  • Transformer
  • Transistor
  • Diode
Which of the following is commonly used as a visual indicator?
  • LED
  • FET
  • Zener diode
  • Bipolar transistor
Which of the following is combined with an inductor to make a tunedresonant circuit?
  • Resistor
  • Zener diode
  • Potentiometer
  • Capacitor
What is the name of a device that combines several semiconductors and other components into one package?
  • Transducer
  • Multi-pole relay
  • Integrated circuit
  • Transformer
What is the function of component 2 in figure T-1?Figure T1?
  • Give off light when current flows through it
  • Supply electrical energy
  • Control the flow of current
  • Convert electrical energy into radio waves
Which of the following is a resonant or tuned circuit?
  • An inductor and a capacitor connected in series or parallel to form a filter
  • A type of A linear voltage regulator
  • A resistor circuit used for reducing standing wave ratio
  • A circuit designed to provide high-fidelity audio
Subelement T7
PRACTICAL CIRCUITS -Station equipment: common transmitter and receiver problems; antenna measurements; troubleshooting; basic repair and testing
  • Removed questions: 6
  • New questions: 3
  • Updated questions: 12
  • Total questions: 43
Section T7A
Station equipment: receivers; transmitters; , transceivers; modulation; , transmitter amplifiers, receive amplifiers, transverters; Basic radio circuit concepts and terminology: sensitivity, selectivity, mixers, oscillators, PTT, modulationtransmit and receive amplifiers
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 1
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
What is meant by “PTT”?
  • Pre-transmission tuning to reduce transmitter harmonic emission
  • Precise tone transmissions used to limit repeater access to only certain signals
  • A primary transformer tuner use to match antennas
  • The push-to-talk function that switches between receive and transmit
Which term describes the ability of a receiver to detect the presence of a signal?
  • Linearity
  • Sensitivity
  • Selectivity
  • Total Harmonic Distortion
What is a transceiver?
  • A device that combines a receiver and transmitterA type of antenna switch
  • A device for matching feed line impedance to 50 ohmsA unit combining the functions of a transmitter and a receiver
  • A device for automatically sending and decoding Morse codeA component in a repeater that filters out unwanted interference
  • A device for converting receiver and transmitter frequencies to another bandA type of antenna matching network
Which of the following is used to convert a radio signal from one frequency to another?
  • Phase splitter
  • Mixer
  • Inverter
  • Amplifier
Which term describes the ability of a receiver to discriminate between multiple signals?
  • Discrimination ratio
  • Sensitivity
  • Selectivity
  • Harmonic distortion
What is the name of a circuit that generates a signal at a specific frequency?
  • Reactance modulator
  • Phase modulatorProduct detector
  • Low-pass filter
  • Oscillator
What device converts the RF input and output of a transceiver to another band?
  • High-pass filter
  • Low-pass filter
  • Transverter
  • Phase converter
- NEW -
What is the function of a transceiver’s PTT input?
  • Input for a key used to send CW
  • Switches transceiver from receive to transmit when grounded
  • Provides a transmit tuning tone when grounded
  • Input for a preamplifier tuning tone
Which of the following describes combining speech with an RF carrier signal?
  • Impedance matching
  • Oscillation
  • Modulation
  • Low-pass filtering
What is the function of the SSB/CW-FM switch on a VHF power amplifier?
  • Change the mode of the transmitted signal
  • Set the amplifier for proper operation in the selected mode
  • Change the frequency range of the amplifier to operate in the proper portionsegment of the band
  • Reduce the received signal noise
What device increases the low-powertransmitted output power from a handheld transceiver?
  • A voltage divider
  • An RF power amplifier
  • An impedance network
  • All of All these choices are correct
Where is an RF preamplifier installed?
  • Between the antenna and receiver
  • At the output of the transmitter's power amplifier
  • Between athe transmitter and the antenna tuner
  • At the output of the receiver's audio amplifieroutput
Section T7B
Common Symptoms, causes, and cures of common transmitter and receiver problems: symptoms of overload and overdrive;, distortion; causes of , interference; interference and consumer electronics; part 15 devices; over-modulation; , RF feedback; off frequency signals
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
Which of the following is a way to reduce or eliminate interference from an amateur transmitter to a nearby telephone?
  • Put a filter on the amateur transmitter
  • Reduce the microphone gain
  • Reduce the SWR on the transmitter transmission line
  • Put an RF filter on the telephone
REMOVED
What is a Part 15 device?
  • An unlicensed device that may emit low-powered radio signals on frequencies used by a licensed service
  • An amplifier that has been type-certified for amateur radio
  • A device for long-distance communications using special codes sanctioned by the International Amateur Radio Union
  • A type of test set used to determine whether a transmitter complies with FCC regulation 91.15
What can you do if you are told your FM handheld or mobile transceiver is over-deviating?
  • Talk louder into the microphone
  • Let the transceiver cool off
  • Change to a higher power level
  • Talk farther away from the microphone
What would cause a broadcast AM or FM radio to receive an amateur radio transmission unintentionally?
  • The receiver is unable to reject strong signals outside the AM or FM band
  • The microphone gain of the transmitter is turned up too high
  • The audio amplifier of the transmitter is overloaded
  • The deviation of an FM transmitter is set too low
Which of the following can cause radio frequency interference?
  • Fundamental overload
  • Harmonics
  • Spurious emissions
  • All of All these choices are correct
was T4A09
Which of the following could you use to cure distorted audio caused by RF current on the shield of a microphone cable?
  • Band-pass filter
  • Low-pass filter
  • Preamplifier
  • Ferrite choke
How can fundamental overload of a non-amateur radio or TV receiver by an amateur signal be reduced or eliminated?
  • Block the amateur signal with a filter at the antenna input of the affected receiver
  • Block the interfering signal with a filter on the amateur transmitter
  • Switch the transmitter from FM to SSB
  • Switch the transmitter to a narrow-band mode
Which of the following actions should you take if a neighbor tells you that your station'’s transmissions are interfering with their radio or TV reception?
  • Make sure that your station is functioning properly and that it does not cause interference to your own radio or television when it is tuned to the same channel
  • Immediately turn off your transmitter and contact the nearest FCC office for assistance
  • Install a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminatedTell them that your license gives you the right to transmit and nothing can be done to reduce the interference
  • All these choices are correctInstall a harmonic doubler on the output of your transmitter and tune it until the interference is eliminated
Which of the following can reduce overload toof a VHF transceiver fromby a nearby FM broadcast commercial FM station?
  • Installing an RF preamplifier
  • DoubleUsing double-shielded coaxial cable
  • Using headphones instead ofInstalling bypass capacitors on the microphone cablespeaker
  • BandInstalling a band-reject filter
What should you do if something in a neighbor'’s home is causing harmful interference to your amateur station?
  • Work with your neighbor to identify the offending device
  • Politely inform your neighbor about thethat FCC rules that prohibit the use of devices that cause interference
  • Check Make sure your station and make sure it meets the standards of good amateur practice
  • All of All these choices are correct
was T7B12
What should be the first step to resolve non-fiber optic cable TV interference from caused by your hamamateur radio transmission?
  • Add a low-pass filter to the TV antenna input
  • Add a high-pass filter to the TV antenna input
  • Add a preamplifier to the TV antenna input
  • Be sure all TV feed line coaxial connectors are installed properly
What might be a problem if you receive a report that your audio signal through the an FM repeater is distorted or unintelligible?
  • Your transmitter is slightly off frequency
  • Your batteries are running low
  • You are in a bad location
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is a symptom of RF feedback in a transmitter or transceiver?
  • Excessive SWR at the antenna connection
  • The transmitter will not stay on the desired frequency
  • Reports of garbled, distorted, or unintelligible voice transmissions
  • Frequent blowing of power supply fuses
Section T7C
Antenna and transmission line measurements and troubleshooting: measuring SWR; dummy loads; coaxial cables;, effects of high SWR, causes of feed line failures; Basic coaxial cable characteristics; Use of dummy loads when testing
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 4
  • Total questions: 11
What is the primary purpose of a dummy load?
  • To prevent transmitting signals over the air when making tests
  • To prevent over-modulation of a transmitter
  • To improve the efficiency of an antenna
  • To improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a receiver
Which of the following instruments can be is used to determine if an antenna is resonant at the desired operating frequency?
  • A VTVM
  • An antenna analyzer
  • A Q meter
  • A frequency counter
was T7C12
What does a dummy load consist of?
  • A high-gain amplifier and a TR switch
  • A non-inductive resistor and mounted on a heat sink
  • A low-voltage power supply and a DC relay
  • A 50 A 50-ohm reactance used to terminate a transmission line
What reading on an SWR meter indicates a perfect impedance match between the antenna and the feed line?
  • 2 to 150:50
  • 1 to 3Zero
  • 1 to 11:1
  • 10 to 1Full Scale
Why do most solid-state amateur radio transmitters reduce output power as SWR increases beyond a certain level??
  • To protect the output amplifier transistors
  • To comply with FCC rules on spectral purity
  • Because power supplies cannot supply enough current at high SWR
  • To improveTo lower the impedance match to the feedSWR on the transmission line
What does an SWR reading of 4:1 indicate?
  • Loss of -4 dB
  • Good impedance match
  • Gain of +4 dB
  • Impedance mismatch
What happens to power lost in a feed line?
  • It increases the SWR
  • It is radiated as harmonicsIt comes back into your transmitter and could cause damage
  • It is converted into heat
  • It can cause distortion of your It distorts the signal
WhatWhich instrument other than an SWR meter could you use can be used to determine SWR?if a feed line and antenna are properly matched?
  • Voltmeter
  • Ohmmeter
  • Iambic pentameter
  • Directional wattmeter
Which of the following is the most common cause for causes failure of coaxial cables?
  • Moisture contamination
  • Gamma raysSolder flux contamination
  • Rapid fluctuation in transmitter output powerThe velocity factor exceeds 1.0
  • OverloadingOperation at 100% duty cycle for an extended period
Why should the outer jacket of coaxial cable be resistant to ultraviolet light?
  • Ultraviolet resistant jackets prevent harmonic radiation
  • Ultraviolet light can increase losses in the cable'’s jacket
  • Ultraviolet and RF signals can mix, causing interference
  • Ultraviolet light can damage the jacket and allow water to enter the cable
What is a disadvantage of air core coaxial cable when compared to foam or solid dielectric types?
  • It has more loss per foot
  • It cannot be used for VHF or UHF antennas
  • It requires special techniques to prevent moisture in the cablewater absorption
  • It cannot be used at below freezing temperatures
Section T7D
Basic repair and testing: soldering; using Using basic test instruments; connecting a : voltmeter, ammeter, orand ohmmeter; Soldering
  • Removed questions: 3
  • New questions: 2
  • Updated questions: 4
  • Total questions: 10
REMOVED
What instrument is used to measure resistance?
  • An oscilloscope
  • A spectrum analyzer
  • A noise bridge
  • An ohmmeter
REMOVED
Which of the following types of solder is best for radio and electronic use?
  • Acid-core solder
  • Silver solder
  • Rosin-core solder
  • Aluminum solder
REMOVED
What is probably happening when an ohmmeter, connected across an unpowered circuit, initially indicates a low resistance and then shows increasing resistance with time?
  • The ohmmeter is defective
  • The circuit contains a large capacitor
  • The circuit contains a large inductor
  • The circuit is a relaxation oscillator
Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential? or electromotive force?
  • An ammeter
  • A voltmeter
  • A wavemeter
  • An ohmmeter
How is a voltmeter connected to a component to measure applied voltage?What is the correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit?
  • In series with the circuitIn series
  • In parallel with the circuitIn parallel
  • In quadrature with the circuitIn quadrature
  • In phase with the circuitIn phase
How When configured to measure current, how is a simple ammeter multimeter connected to a component?circuit?
  • In series with the circuitIn series
  • In parallel with the circuitIn parallel
  • In quadrature with the circuitIn quadrature
  • In phase with the circuitIn phase
Which instrument is used to measure electric current?
  • An ohmmeter
  • A wavemeterAn electrometer
  • A voltmeter
  • An ammeter
Which of the following mightcan damage a multimeter?
  • Attempting to measure resistance using the voltage settingMeasuring a voltage too small for the chosen scale
  • Failing to connect one of the probes to groundLeaving the meter in the milliamps position overnight
  • Attempting to measure voltage when using the resistance setting
  • Not allowing it to warm up properly
Which of the following measurements are commonly made using a multimeter?
  • Signal strength and noiseSWR and RF power
  • Impedance and reactanceSignal strength and noise
  • ImpedanceVoltage and resistancereactance
  • All these choices are correctVoltage and resistance
- NEW -
Which of the following types of solder should not be used for radio and electronic applications?
  • Acid-core solder
  • Lead-tin solder
  • Rosin-core solder
  • Tin-copper solder
What is the characteristic appearance of a cold tin-lead solder joint?
  • Dark black spots
  • A bright or shiny surface
  • A grainy or dullA rough or lumpy surface
  • Excessive solderA greenish tint
- NEW -
What reading indicates that an ohmmeter is connected across a large, discharged capacitor?
  • Increasing resistance with time
  • Decreasing resistance with time
  • Steady full-scale reading
  • Alternating between open and short circuit
Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring in-circuit resistance with an ohmmeter?
  • Ensure that the applied voltages are correct
  • Ensure that the circuit is not powered
  • Ensure that the circuit is grounded
  • Ensure that the circuit is operating at the correct frequency
Subelement T8
SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS -Modulation modes: amateur satellite operation; operating activities; non-voice and digital communications
  • Removed questions: 5
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 14
  • Total questions: 48
Section T8A
Modulation modes: bandwidth Basic characteristics of FM and SSB; Bandwidth of various signals; choicemodulation modes: CW, SSB, FM, fast-scan TV; Choice of emission type: selection of USB vs LSB, use of SSB for weak signal work, use of FM for VHF packet and repeaters
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 2
  • Total questions: 12
Which of the following is a form of amplitude modulation?
  • Spread spectrum
  • Packet radio
  • Single sideband
  • Phase shift keying (PSK)
What type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF packet radio transmissions?
  • FMFM or PM
  • SSB
  • AM
  • PSK
Which type of voice mode is most often used for long-distance (weak signal) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?
  • FM
  • DRM
  • SSB
  • PM
Which type of modulation is most commonly used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters?
  • AM
  • SSB
  • PSK
  • FMFM or PM
Which of the following types of emissionsignal has the narrowest bandwidth?
  • FM voice
  • SSB voice
  • CW
  • Slow-scan TV
Which sideband is normally used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF single-sideband communications?
  • Upper sideband
  • Lower sideband
  • Suppressed sideband
  • Inverted sideband
What is an advantagea characteristic of single sideband (SSB) compared to FM?over FM for voice transmissions?
  • SSB signals are easier to tune in correctly
  • SSB signals are less susceptible to interference
  • SSB signals have narrower bandwidth
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is the approximate bandwidth of a typical single sideband (SSB) voice signal?
  • 1 kHz
  • 3 kHz
  • 6 kHz
  • 15 kHz
What is the approximate bandwidth of a VHF repeater FM phonevoice signal?
  • Less than 500 Hz
  • About 150 kHz
  • Between 10 and 15 kHz
  • Between 50 and 125 kHz
What is the typicalapproximate bandwidth of analogAM fast-scan TV transmissions? on the 70 centimeter band?
  • More than 10 MHz
  • About 6 MHz
  • About 3 MHz
  • About 1 MHz
What is the approximate maximum bandwidth required to transmit a CW signal?
  • 2.4 kHz
  • 150 Hz
  • 1000 Hz
  • 15 kHz
- NEW -
Which of the following is a disadvantage of FM compared with single sideband?
  • Voice quality is poorer
  • Only one signal can be received at a time
  • FM signals are harder to tune
  • All these choices are correct
Section T8B
Amateur satellite operation;: Doppler shift;, basic orbits;, operating protocols; , modulation mode selection, transmitter power considerations;, telemetry and telecommand;, satellite tracking programs, beacons, uplink and downlink mode definitions, spin fading, definition of “LEO”, setting uplink power
  • Removed questions: 0
  • New questions: 0
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 12
What telemetry information is typically transmitted by satellite beacons?
  • The signal strength of received signals
  • Time of day accurate to plus or minus 1/10 second
  • Health and status of the satellite
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is the impact of using too much excessive effective radiated power on a satellite uplink?
  • Possibility of commanding the satellite to an improper mode
  • Blocking access by other users
  • Overloading the satellite batteries
  • Possibility of rebooting the satellite control computer
Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?
  • Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over Earththe earth
  • The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass
  • The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift
  • All of All these choices are correct
What mode of transmission is commonly used by amateur radio satellites?
  • SSB
  • FM
  • CW/data
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is a satellite beacon?
  • The primary transmit antenna on the satellite
  • An indicator light that shows where to point your antenna
  • A reflective surface on the satellite
  • A transmission from a satellite that contains status information
Which of the following are inputs to a satellite tracking program?
  • The satellite transmitted powerThe weight of the satellite
  • The Keplerian elements
  • The last observed time of zero Doppler shift
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is Doppler shift in reference to satellite communications?With regard to satellite communications, what is Doppler shift?
  • A change in the satellite orbit
  • A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another
  • An observed change in signal frequency caused by relative motion between the satellite and the earth Earth station
  • A special digital communications mode for some satellites
What is meant by the statement that a satellite is operating in U/V mode?mode U/V?
  • The satellite uplink is in the 15 meter band and the downlink is in the 10 meter band
  • The satellite uplink is in the 70 centimeter band and the downlink is in the 2 meter band
  • The satellite operates using ultraviolet frequencies
  • The satellite frequencies are usually variable
What causes spin fading of satellite signals?
  • Circular polarized noise interference radiated from the sun
  • Rotation of the satellite and its antennas
  • Doppler shift of the received signal
  • Interfering signals within the satellite uplink band
What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur is a LEO satellite?
  • A sun synchronous satelliteThe satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode
  • A highly elliptical orbit satelliteThe satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuver
  • TheA satellite in low energy operation modeis in a Low Earth Orbit
  • TheA satellite in low earth orbituses Light Emitting Optics
Who may receive telemetry from a space station?
  • Anyone who can receive the telemetry signalAnyone
  • A licensed radio amateur with a transmitter equipped for interrogating the satellite
  • A licensed radio amateur who has been certified by the protocol developer
  • A licensed radio amateur who has registered for an access code from AMSAT
Which of the following is a good way to judgedetermine whether your satellite uplink power is neither too low nor too high?
  • Check your signal strength report in the telemetry data
  • Listen for distortion on your downlink signal
  • Your signal strength on the downlink should be about the same as the beacon
  • All of All these choices are correct
Section T8C
Operating activities: radio direction finding; radio control; , contests;, linking over the internet; , exchanging grid locators
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 4
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
How might you obtain a list of active nodes that use VoIP?
  • By subscribing to an on line service
  • From on line repeater lists maintained by the local repeater frequency coordinator
  • From a repeater directory
  • All of these choices are correct
Which of the following methods is used to locate sources of noise interference or jamming?
  • Echolocation
  • Doppler radar
  • Radio direction finding
  • Phase locking
Which of these items would be useful for a hidden transmitter hunt?
  • Calibrated SWR meter
  • A directional antenna
  • A calibrated noise bridge
  • All of All these choices are correct
What operating activity involves contacting as many stations as possible during a specified period?
  • ContestingSimulated emergency exercises
  • Net operations
  • Public service events
  • Simulated emergency exercisesContesting
Which of the following is good procedure when contacting another station in a radio contest?
  • Sign only the last two letters of your call if there are many other stations calling
  • Contact the station twice to be sure that you are in his log
  • Send only the minimum information needed for proper identification and the contest exchange
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is a grid locator?
  • A letter-number designator assigned to a geographic location
  • A letter-number designator assigned to an azimuth and elevation
  • An instrument for neutralizing a final amplifier
  • An instrument for radio direction finding
How is over the air access to some IRLP nodes accomplished?
  • By obtaining a password that is sent via voice to the node
  • By using DTMF signals
  • By entering the proper internet password
  • By using CTCSS tone codes
What is meant by Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)? as used in amateur radio?
  • A set of rules specifying how to identify your station when linked over the internet to another station
  • A set of guidelines for contacting A technique employed to “spot” DX stations during contests using via the internet access
  • A technique for measuring the modulation quality of a transmitter using remote sites monitored via the internet
  • A method of delivering voice communications over the internet using digital techniques
What is the Internet Radio Linking Project (IRLP)?
  • A technique to connect amateur radio systems, such as repeaters, via the internet using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
  • A system for providing access to websites via amateur radio
  • A system for informing amateurs in real time of the frequency of active DX stations
  • A technique for measuring signal strength of an amateur transmitter via the internet
- NEW -
Which of the following protocols enables an amateur station to transmit through a repeater without using a radio to initiate the transmission?
  • IRLP
  • D-STAR
  • DMR
  • EchoLink
What must be done is required before you may use using the EchoLink system? to communicate using a repeater?
  • You must complete Complete the required EchoLink training
  • You must have purchased Purchase a license to use the EchoLink software
  • Register your call sign and provide proof of licenseYou must be sponsored by a current EchoLink user
  • All these choices are correctYou must register your call sign and provide proof of license
What name is given to is an amateur radio station that is used to connect connects other amateur stations to the internet?
  • A gateway
  • A repeater
  • A digipeater
  • A beacon
Section T8D
Non-voice and digital communications: image signals; digital modes; CW; and definition of NTSC, CW, packet radio; PSK31;, PSK, APRS;, error detection and correction; NTSC; , amateur radio networking;, Digital Mobile/Migration Radio, WSJT modes, Broadband-Hamnet
  • Removed questions: 4
  • New questions: 3
  • Updated questions: 5
  • Total questions: 13
REMOVED
What does the term “APRS” mean?
  • Automatic Packet Reporting System
  • Associated Public Radio Station
  • Auto Planning Radio Set-up
  • Advanced Polar Radio System
REMOVED
Which of the following devices is used to provide data to the transmitter when sending automatic position reports from a mobile amateur radio station?
  • The vehicle speedometer
  • A WWV receiver
  • A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier receiver
  • A Global Positioning System receiver
REMOVED
What code is used when sending CW in the amateur bands?
  • Baudot
  • Hamming
  • International Morse
  • All of these choices are correct
REMOVED
Which of the following best describes Broadband-Hamnet(TM), also referred to as a high-speed multi-media network?
  • An amateur-radio-based data network using commercial Wi-Fi gear with modified firmware
  • A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DRM protocols
  • A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware
  • An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters
Which of the following is a digital communications mode?
  • Packet radio
  • IEEE 802.11
  • JT65FT8
  • All of All these choices are correct
was T2B09
What is a “talk grouptalkgroup” on a DMR digital repeater?
  • A group of operators sharing common interests
  • A way for groups of users to share a channel at different times without being heard by hearing other users on the channel
  • A protocol that increases the signal-to-noise ratio when multiple repeaters are linked together
  • A net that meets at a particularspecified time
- NEW -
What kind of data can be transmitted by APRS?
  • GPS position data
  • Text messages
  • Weather data
  • All these choices are correct
What type of transmission is indicated by the term "NTSC?"
  • A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit
  • A special mode for earth satellite uplink
  • An analog fast -scan color TV signal
  • A frame compression scheme for TV signals
Which of the following is an application of APRS? (Automatic Packet Reporting System)?
  • Providing real-time tactical digital communications in conjunction with a map showing the locations of stations
  • Showing automatically the number of packets transmitted via PACTOR during a specific time interval
  • Providing voice over internet connection between repeaters
  • Providing information on the number of stations signed into a repeater
What does the abbreviation "PSK" mean?
  • Pulse Shift Keying
  • Phase Shift Keying
  • Packet Short Keying
  • Phased Slide Keying
Which of the following best describes DMR? (Digital Mobile Radio)?
  • A technique for time-multiplexing two digital voice signals on a single 12.5 kHz repeater channel
  • An automatic position tracking mode for FM mobiles communicating through repeaters
  • An automatic computer logging technique for hands-off logging when communicating while operating a vehicle
  • A digital technique for transmitting on two repeater inputs simultaneously for automatic error correction
Which of the following may be is included in packet radio transmissions?
  • A check sum that permits error detection
  • A header that contains the call sign of the station to which the information is being sent
  • Automatic repeat request in case of error
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
What is CW?
  • A type of electromagnetic propagation
  • A digital mode used primarily on 2 meter FM
  • A technique for coil winding
  • Another name for a Morse code transmission
Which of the following operating activities is supported by digital mode software in the WSJT -X software suite?
  • Moonbounce or Earth-Moon-Earth
  • Weak-Weak signal propagation beacons
  • Meteor scatter
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is an ARQ transmission system?
  • A special transmission format limited to video signals
  • A system used to encrypt command signals to an amateur radio satellite
  • A digital scheme whereby An error correction method in which the receiving station detects errors and sends a request for retransmissionto the sending station to retransmit the information
  • A method of compressing the data using autonomous reiterative Q codes prior to final encodingin a message so more information can be sent in a shorter time
- NEW -
Which of the following best describes an amateur radio mesh network?
  • An amateur-radio based data network using commercial Wi-Fi equipment with modified firmware
  • A wide-bandwidth digital voice mode employing DMR protocols
  • A satellite communications network using modified commercial satellite TV hardware
  • An internet linking protocol used to network repeaters
What is FT8?
  • A wideband FM voice mode
  • A digital mode capable of operating in low signal-to-noise operationconditions that transmits on 15-second intervals
  • An eight channel multiplex mode for FM repeaters
  • A digital slow -scan TV mode with forward error correction and automatic color compensation
Subelement T9
ANTENNAS AND FEED LINES -Antennas and feed lines
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 2
  • Updated questions: 11
  • Total questions: 24
Section T9A
Antennas: vertical and horizontal polarization;, concept of gain; antenna gain, definition and types of beam antennas, antenna loading, common portable and mobile antennas;, relationships between resonant length and frequency; concept of , dipole patternantennas
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 5
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
What type of antennas are the quad, Yagi, and dish?
  • Non-resonant antennas
  • Log periodic antennas
  • Directional antennas
  • Isotropic antennas
What is a beam antenna?
  • An antenna built from aluminum I-beams
  • An omnidirectional antenna invented by Clarence Beam
  • An antenna that concentrates signals in one direction
  • An antenna that reverses the phase of received signals
Which of the following describes a type of antenna loading?
  • Inserting an inductor in the Electrically lengthening by inserting inductors in radiating elementsportion of the antenna to make it electrically longer
  • Inserting a resistor in the radiating portion of the antenna to make it resonant
  • Installing a spring in the base of a mobile vertical antenna to make it more flexible
  • Strengthening the radiating elements of a beam antenna to better resist wind damage
Which of the following describes a simple dipole oriented parallel to the Earth's surface?
  • A ground-wave antenna
  • A horizontally polarized antenna
  • A rhombicA travelling-wave antenna
  • A vertically polarized antenna
What is a disadvantage of the “rubber duck”short, flexible antenna supplied with most handheld radio transceivers when , compared to a full-sized quarter-wave antenna?
  • It has low efficiencyIt does not transmit or receive as effectively
  • It transmits only circularly polarized signals
  • It is mechanically fragileIf the rubber end cap is lost, it will unravel very easily
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following increases the resonant frequency of a dipole antenna?How would you change a dipole antenna to make it resonant on a higher frequency?
  • Lengthen itLengthening it
  • InsertInserting coils in series with radiating wires
  • Shorten itShortening it
  • AddAdding capacitive loading to the ends of the radiating wires
- NEW -
Which of the following types of antenna offers the greatest gain?
  • 5/8 wave vertical
  • Isotropic
  • J pole
  • Yagi
What is a disadvantage of using a handheld VHF transceiver, with its integrala flexible antenna, inside a vehicle?
  • Signals might not propagate well Signal strength is reduced due to the shielding effect of the vehicle
  • It might causeThe bandwidth of the antenna will decrease, increasing SWRtransceiver to overheat
  • The SWR might decrease, decreasing the signal strength
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is the approximate length, in inches, of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz?
  • 112
  • 50
  • 19
  • 12
What is the approximate length, in inches, of a half-wavelength 6 meter dipole antenna?
  • 6
  • 50
  • 112
  • 236
In which direction does a half-wave dipole antenna radiate the strongest signal?
  • Equally in all directions
  • Off the ends of the antenna
  • In the direction of the feed lineBroadside to the antenna
  • Broadside to the antennaIn the direction of the feed line
What is theantenna gain? of an antenna?
  • The additional power that is added to the transmitter power
  • The additional power that is lostrequired in the antenna when transmitting on a higher frequency
  • The increase in signal strength in a specified direction compared to a reference antenna
  • The increase in impedance on receive or transmit compared to a reference antenna
What is an advantage of using a properly mounted a 5/8 wavelength whip antenna for VHF or UHF mobile service?
  • It has a lower radiation angle and more gain than a 1/4 -wavelength antenna
  • It has It radiates at a very high angle radiation for better communicating through a repeater
  • It eliminates distortion caused by reflected signals
  • It has 10 times the power gain of a 1/4 wavelength whipdesign
Section T9B
Feed lines: types, attenuation vs frequency, selecting; SWR concepts; Antenna tuners (couplers); RF Connectors: selecting, weather protection
  • Removed questions: 1
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 6
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
Why should coax connectors exposed to the weather be sealed against water intrusion?
  • To prevent an increase in feed line loss
  • To prevent interference to telephones
  • To keep the jacket from becoming loose
  • All of these choices are correct
Why is it important to have What is a benefit of low SWR? when using coaxial cable feed line?
  • To reduce Reduced television interference
  • To reduce Reduced signal loss
  • To prolong Less antenna wearlife
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is the most common impedance of most coaxial cables used in amateur radio? installations?
  • 8 ohms
  • 50 ohms
  • 600 ohms
  • 12 ohms
Why is coaxial cable the most common feed line selected for amateur radio antenna systems?
  • It is easy to use and requires few special installation considerations
  • It has less loss than any other type of feed line
  • It can handle more power than any other type of feed line
  • It is less expensive than any other type of feed line
What is the major function of an antenna tuner (antenna coupler)?
  • It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver's output impedance
  • It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations
  • It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive
  • It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency band being used
In general, what What happens as the frequency of a signal passing through in coaxial cable is increased?
  • The characteristic impedance decreases
  • The loss decreases
  • The characteristic impedance increases
  • The loss increases
Which of the following connectors RF connector types is most suitable for frequencies above 400 MHz?
  • A UHF (PL-259/SO-239) connector
  • A Type N connectorType N
  • An RS-213 connectorRS-213
  • A DB-25 connectorDB-25
Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax connectors?
  • They are preferred for microwave operation
  • They are watertight
  • They are commonly used at HF and VHF frequencies
  • They are a bayonet -type connector
- NEW -
Which of the following is a source of loss in coaxial feed line?
  • Water intrusion into coaxial connectors
  • High SWR
  • Multiple connectors in the line
  • All these choices are correct
What can cause erratic changes in SWR? readings?
  • Local thunderstormThe transmitter is being modulated
  • A loose Loose connection in anthe antenna or a feed line
  • Over-modulationThe transmitter is being over-modulated
  • InterferenceOverload from a strong local stationother stations is distorting your signal
What is the electrical difference between RG-58 and RG-8213 coaxial cable?
  • There is no significant difference between the two types
  • RG-58 cable has two shields
  • RG-8RG-213 cable has less loss at a given frequency
  • RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels
Which of the following types of feed line has the lowest loss at VHF and UHF?
  • 50-ohm flexible coax
  • Multi-conductor unbalanced cable
  • Air-insulated hardlinehard line
  • 75-ohm flexible coax
was T7C03
What, in general terms, What is standing wave ratio (SWR)?
  • A measure of how well a load is matched to a transmission line
  • The ratio of amplifier power output to inputhigh to low impedance in a feed line
  • The transmitter efficiency ratio
  • An indication of the quality of your station'’s ground connection
Subelement T0
Electrical safety: AC and DC power circuits; antenna installation; RF hazardsSAFETY -
  • Removed questions: 7
  • New questions: 5
  • Updated questions: 8
  • Total questions: 36
Section T0A
Power circuits and hazards: hazardous voltages;, fuses and circuit breakers;, grounding; lightning, electrical code compliance; Lightning protection; batteryBattery safety; electrical code compliance
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 2
  • Updated questions: 4
  • Total questions: 12
REMOVED
In the United States, what is connected to the green wire in a three-wire electrical AC plug?
  • Neutral
  • Hot
  • Equipment ground
  • The white wire
REMOVED
Which of these precautions should be taken when installing devices for lightning protection in a coaxial cable feed line?
  • Include a parallel bypass switch for each protector so that it can be switched out of the circuit when running high power
  • Include a series switch in the ground line of each protector to prevent RF overload from inadvertently damaging the protector
  • Keep the ground wires from each protector separate and connected to station ground
  • Mount all of the protectors on a metal plate that is in turn connected to an external ground rod
Which of the following is a safety hazard of a 12-volt storage battery?
  • Touching both terminals with the hands can cause electrical shock
  • Shorting the terminals can cause burns, fire, or an explosion
  • RF emissions from a nearby transmitter can cause the electrolyte to emit poison gasthe battery
  • All of All these choices are correct
What health hazard is presented by electrical current flowing through the body?
  • It may cause injury by heating tissue
  • It may disrupt the electrical functions of cells
  • It may cause involuntary muscle contractions
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
In the United States, what circuit does black wire insulation indicate in a three-wire 120 V cable?
  • Neutral
  • Hot
  • Equipment ground
  • Black insulation is never used
What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?
  • To prevent power supply ripple from damaging a componentcircuit
  • To interruptTo remove power in case of overload
  • To limit current to prevent shocks
  • All of All these choices are correct
Why is it unwise to install a 20Why should a 5-ampere fuse in the place of a 5never be replaced with a 20-ampere fuse?
  • The larger fuse would be likely to blow because it is rated for higher current
  • The power supply ripple would greatly increase
  • Excessive current could cause a fire
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is a good way to guard against electrical shock at your station?
  • Use three-wire cords and plugs for all AC powered equipment
  • Connect all AC powered station equipment to a common safety ground
  • Install mechanical interlocks in high-voltage circuitsUse a circuit protected by a ground-fault interrupter
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
Where should a lightning arrester be installed in a coaxial feed line?
  • At the output connector of a transceiver
  • At the antenna feed point
  • At the ac power service panel
  • On a grounded panel near where feed lines enter the building
What safety equipment Where should always be included in home-built equipment that is powered from a fuse or circuit breaker be installed in a 120V AC power circuit?circuits?
  • A fuse or circuit breaker in In series with the AC hot conductor only
  • In series with the hot and neutral conductorsAn AC voltmeter across the incoming power source
  • An inductor in In parallel with the hot conductor onlyAC power source
  • A capacitor in series In parallel with the hot and neutral conductorsAC power source
What should be done to all external ground rods or earth connections?
  • Waterproof them with silicone caulk or electrical tape
  • Keep them as far apart as possible
  • Bond them together with heavy wire or conductive strap
  • Tune them for resonance on the lowest frequency of operation
What can happen if a lead-acid storage battery is charged or discharged hazard is caused by charging or discharging a battery too quickly?
  • Overheating or out-gassingThe battery could overheat, give off flammable gas, or explode
  • Excess output rippleThe voltage can become reversed
  • Half-wave rectificationThe memory effect will reduce the capacity of the battery
  • Inverse memory effectAll of these choices are correct
What kind of hazard might exist exists in a power supply immediately after turning it off?when it is turned off and disconnected?
  • Circulating currents in the dc filterStatic electricity could damage the grounding system
  • Circulating currents insideLeakage flux in the power transformer might cause damage
  • Voltage transients from kickback diodesThe fuse might blow if you remove the cover
  • You might receive an electric shock from the charge Charge stored in largefilter capacitors
was T7D12
Which of the following precautions should be taken when measuring high voltages with a voltmeter?
  • Ensure that the voltmeter has very low impedance
  • Ensure that the voltmeter and leads are rated for use at the voltages to be measured
  • Ensure that the circuit is grounded through the voltmeter
  • Ensure that the voltmeter is set to the correct frequency
Section T0B
Antenna safety: tower safety and grounding; erecting an, installing antennas, antenna supportssupport; safely installing an antenna
  • Removed questions: 3
  • New questions: 1
  • Updated questions: 1
  • Total questions: 11
REMOVED
When should members of a tower work team wear a hard hat and safety glasses?
  • At all times except when climbing the tower
  • At all times except when belted firmly to the tower
  • At all times when any work is being done on the tower
  • Only when the tower exceeds 30 feet in height
REMOVED
What is a good precaution to observe before climbing an antenna tower?
  • Make sure that you wear a grounded wrist strap
  • Remove all tower grounding connections
  • Put on a carefully inspected climbing harness (fall arrester) and safety glasses
  • All of these choices are correct
REMOVED
What is the purpose of a gin pole?
  • To temporarily replace guy wires
  • To be used in place of a safety harness
  • To lift tower sections or antennas
  • To provide a temporary ground
was T0B12
Which of the following is good practice when installing ground wires on a tower for lightning protection?
  • Put a drip loop in the ground connection to prevent water damage to the ground system
  • Make sure that all bends in the ground wires are clean, all ground wire bends are right angles-angle bends
  • Ensure that connections are short and direct
  • All of All these choices are correct
- NEW -
What is required when climbing an antenna tower?
  • Have sufficient training on safe tower climbing techniques
  • Use appropriate tie-off to the tower at all times
  • Always wear an approved climbing harness
  • All these choices are correct
Under what circumstances is it safe to climb a tower without a helper or observer?
  • When no electrical work is being performed
  • When no mechanical work is being performed
  • When the work being done is not more than 20 feet above the ground
  • Never
Which of the following is an important safety precaution to observe when putting up an antenna tower?
  • Wear a ground strap connected to your wrist at all times
  • Insulate the base of the tower to avoid lightning strikes
  • Look for and stay clear of any overhead electrical wires
  • All of All these choices are correct
was T0B13
What is the purpose of a safety wire through a turnbuckle used to tension guy lines?
  • Secure the guy line if the turnbuckle breaks
  • Prevent loosening of the guy line turnbuckle from vibration
  • Provide a ground path for lightning strikesPrevent theft or vandalism
  • Provide an ability to measure for proper tensioningDeter unauthorized climbing of the tower
What is the minimum safe distance from a power line to allow when installing an antenna?
  • HalfAdd the height of the antenna to the height of the power line and multiply by a factor of 1.5width of your property
  • The height of the power line above ground
  • 1/2 wavelength at the operating frequency
  • Enough so that if the antenna falls unexpectedly, no part of it can come closer than 10 feet to the power wires
Which of the following is an important safety rule to remember when using a crank-up tower?
  • This type of tower must never be painted
  • This type of tower must never be grounded
  • This type of tower must not be climbed unless it is retracted, or mechanical safety locking devices have been installed
  • All of All these choices are correct
What is considered to be Which is a proper grounding method for a tower?
  • A single four-foot ground rod, driven into the ground no more than 12 inches from the base
  • A ferrite-core RF choke connected between the tower and ground
  • Separate eight-foot long ground rods for each A connection between the tower base and a cold water pipeleg, bonded to the tower and each other
  • A connection between the Separate eight-foot ground rods for each tower leg, bonded to the tower and each otherbase and a cold water pipe
Why should you avoid attaching an antenna to a utility pole?
  • The antenna will not work properly because of induced voltages
  • The 60 Hz radiations from the feed line may increase the SWRThe utility company will charge you an extra monthly fee
  • The antenna could contact high-voltage power lines
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following is true when installing grounding conductors used for lightning protection?
  • Only Use only non-insulated wire must be used
  • Wires must be carefully routed with precise right-angle bends
  • Sharp bends must be avoided
  • Common grounds must be avoided
Which of the following establishes grounding requirements for an amateur radio tower or antenna?
  • FCC Part 97 rulesRules
  • Local electrical codes
  • FAA tower lighting regulations
  • UL recommended practices
Section T0C
RF hazards: radiation exposure;, proximity to antennas;, recognized safe power levels; exposure to others; , radiation types;, duty cycle
  • Removed questions: 2
  • New questions: 2
  • Updated questions: 3
  • Total questions: 13
REMOVED
What is the maximum power level that an amateur radio station may use at VHF frequencies before an RF exposure evaluation is required?
  • 1500 watts PEP transmitter output
  • 1 watt forward power
  • 50 watts PEP at the antenna
  • 50 watts PEP reflected power
REMOVED
If the averaging time for exposure is 6 minutes, how much power density is permitted if the signal is present for 3 minutes and absent for 3 minutes rather than being present for the entire 6 minutes?
  • 3 times as much
  • 1/2 as much
  • 2 times as much
  • There is no adjustment allowed for shorter exposure times
What type of radiation are VHF and UHF radio signals?
  • Gamma radiation
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Alpha radiation
  • Non-ionizing radiation
Which At which of the following frequencies does maximum permissible exposure have the lowest value?has the lowest value for Maximum Permissible Exposure limit?
  • 3.5 MHz
  • 50 MHz
  • 440 MHz
  • 1296 MHz
- NEW -
How does the allowable power density for RF safety change if duty cycle changes from 100 percent to 50 percent?
  • It increases by a factor of 3
  • It decreases by 50 percent
  • It increases by a factor of 2
  • There is no adjustment allowed for lower duty cycle
What factors affect the RF exposure of people near an amateur station antenna?
  • Frequency and power level of the RF field
  • Distance from the antenna to a person
  • Radiation pattern of the antenna
  • All of All these choices are correct
Why do exposure limits vary with frequency?
  • Lower frequency RF fields have more energy than higher frequency fields
  • Lower frequency RF fields do not penetrate the human body
  • Higher frequency RF fields are transient in nature
  • The human body absorbs more RF energy at some frequencies than at others
Which of the following is an acceptable method to determine thatwhether your station complies with FCC RF exposure regulations?
  • By calculation based on FCC OET Bulletin 65
  • By calculation based on computer modeling
  • By measurement of field strength using calibrated equipment
  • All of All these choices are correct
What could happen if a person accidentally touched your hazard is created by touching an antenna during a transmission?while you were transmitting?
  • Touching the antenna could cause television interferenceElectrocution
  • RF burn to skinThey might receive a painful RF burn
  • They might develop radiation Radiation poisoning
  • All of All these choices are correct
Which of the following actions might amateur operators take to prevent can reduce exposure to RF radiation? in excess of FCC-supplied limits?
  • Relocate antennas
  • Relocate the transmitter
  • Increase the duty cycle
  • All of All these choices are correct
How can you make sure your station stays in compliance with RF safety regulations?
  • By informing the FCC of any changes made in your station
  • By re-evaluating the station whenever an item of equipment in the transmitter or antenna system is changed
  • By making sure your antennas have low SWR
  • All of All these choices are correct
Why is duty cycle one of the factors used to determine safe RF radiation exposure levels?
  • It affects the average exposure of people to radiation
  • It affects the peak exposure of people to radiation
  • It takes into account the antenna feed line loss
  • It takes into account the thermal effects of the final amplifier
What is the definition of duty cycle during the averaging time for RF exposure?
  • The difference between the lowest power output and the highest power output of a transmitter
  • The difference between the PEP and average power output of a transmitter
  • The percentage of time that a transmitter is transmitting
  • The percentage of time that a transmitter is not transmitting
How does RF radiation differ from ionizing radiation (radioactivity)?
  • RF radiation does not have sufficient energy to cause genetic chemical changes in cells and damage DNA
  • RF radiation can only be detected with an RF dosimeter
  • RF radiation is limited in range to a few feet
  • RF radiation is perfectly safe
- NEW -
Who is responsible for ensuring that no person is exposed to RF energy above the FCC exposure limits?
  • The FCC
  • The station licensee
  • Anyone who is near an antenna
  • The local zoning board
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